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Biogeography
What is evidence of the past preserved in rock? Rock Record
What is any evidence of past life? Fossil
What is the assemblage of fossil evidence preserved in rock sequences? Fossil record
Of actual remains, molds, casts, imprints, and replaced mineral matter, which may make fossils? All of them
What is the calendar of earth history? Geologic time scale
How old is the earth? 4.5 billion years old
Where is this shown on the geologic time scale?
What is the name given to most of geologic history? Precaimbrian
What are the largest divisions of the geologic time scale discussed?
What are the second largest divisions of the geologic time scale discussed?
What are the smallest major divisions of the geologic time scale discussed?
When did fossils begin to become evident in the rock?
When did the Precambrian end?
What does Paleozoic mean?
What major change marked the start of the Paleozoic? Revolution or mounting building period
What resource is noted for the Carboniferous?
What are two terms for a period of mountain building? Revolution, Oreogery
What marked the end of the Paleozoic?
What does Mesozoic mean?
What organisms are most noted for the Mesozoic? Jurassic, cretaceous
What marked the end of the Mesozoic? great # of extinction took place
What does Cenozoic mean? Tertiary period
What is the current period representing the last two million years? Glaciation
What are the two epochs of this period? Glaciation, Pleistance
What is the period of the ice age? Pleistance
What type of dating dates one event relative to another? Relative dating
What law says that when a rock or feature is cut by another, the cut one is older? law or principle of cross cutting relations
What law says that when sediments are deposited, they are usually deposited as horizontal layers? law of original horizontality
What law says the when sediments are deposited, they are deposited such that the oldest layer will be on the bottom and the youngest will be on the top unless they are overturned? law of superposition
What type of dating puts a date on an event in years plus or minus an error factor? Absolute dating
What term is used for elements which decay at an absolutely constant rate? Radioactive dating
What is one means of determining absolute dates?
What is the time that it takes for half of a radioactive isotope to decay? half life
What is the half-life of uranium 238? 4,510 million years
What is the half-life of carbon 14? 5,730 years
Which of these two would be most useful in geology?
Which of these two would be most useful in anthropology?
What doctrine holds that the processes observed today have occurred in a similar manner during the geologic past? Uniformita Rianiom
What doctrine holds that processes happen as giant catastrophes? Castrophism
Which supports an older age for the earth?
What science studies the interactions between organisms and their environment? Ecology
What is any collection of interacting objects? System
What is the gaseous part of the earth? Atmosphere
What is the liquid part of the earth? Hydrosphere
What is the solid part of the earth? Lithosphere
What is the living part of the earth? Biosphere
What is the living matter on earth and everything it interacts with? Biosphere
Is the earth itself a system? yes
What is the balance which needs to be maintained within systems? Equilibrium
What is time it takes a system to recover its equilibrium after it has been disturbed? Response Time
What is the totality of interactions among organisms and the environment in an area? Ecosystem- ecological system
What is the full term for this? ecological system
What is an assemblage of plants and animals in functional interaction with its environment? biome
What is a repetitive exchange? Cycle
What cycle shows how earth materials are changed time and time again? Rock
What are the three rock families? Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
What cycle shows how the earth's water moves around the earth? Hydrologic
What cycle shows how carbon is found in the four realms of the earth? Carbon
What cycle shows how oxygen is found in the four realms of the earth? Oxygen
What cycle shows how nitrogen is found in the four realms of the earth? Nitrogen
What cycle shows how phosphorous if found in the four realms of the earth? Mineral
Can energy be considered to form a cycle? Yes, Energy Cycle
What is the term for the model of when one organism eats another and absorbs energy and nutrients? Food Chain
What is the term for food chains interrelated within a community? Food Web
Which represents a higher trophic level, an owl or grasshopper? Owl
What are the transition zones of competition between species of different biomes? Ecotones
Comment on the relationship between climate and vegetation. close relationship
Which is more easily studied in an area, vegetation or wildlife? Vegetation
Give an example of how vegetation indicates something about the environment.
Give an example of how vegetation might influence settlement. people often go to a place they left behind
What term refers to the processes by which one type of vegetation naturally replaces another.
Are the earliest forms the most simpler or the most complex?
What is the term for the stable, complex vegetation at end of this process? Climax Community
What is the term for the elimination of an organism from earth? Extinction
What is the term for the elimination of a gene pool? Extinction
What is the term for the elimination of an organism from an area? Extirpation
Differentiate between extinction and extirpation. It does exist somewhere
What is the term for the dominant vegetation association which encompasses fauna and interrelationships with soil, climate, and topography?
What is the name of the warmest and wettest biome?
What kinds of temperatures and precipitation is associated with the deciduous forest?
What kinds of temperatures are associated with the northern coniferous forests?
Differentiate between grasslands and deserts.
How are tundra and grasslands similar?
What is the driest biome?
What is the term for the climate of a small area? Microclimate
What is the name given to the observations that areas downwind from highly industrialized areas may receive additional precipitation? La Porte Anomaly
What is the term for the concept that temperatures in an urbanized area are often warmer than in the surrounding countryside? Urban Heat Island